Text Dido regina, quae Aeneam valde amaverat, fugam eius vehementer dolebat. Ea, postquam frustra deos, frustra fortunam accusavit, se eo gladio, quem Aeneas ei donaverat, necare paravit. Dum ei rogus struitur: "En", inquit, "vir pius, qui simulacra e Troia servata secum portat! En pius Aeneas, cui dei ipsi imperant, cuius facta deis ipsis placent! At ego te, Hecate, voco, a qua vindicantur facta impia: Tu eum ipsum sociosque, quos secum ducit, Italia arcebis! Sin autem fata non sinent, eum bello quidem et armis vexabis: Mortuos videbit eos, quos amavit, neque diu regnabit in eis terris, quas nunc petit! Numquam amicitia inter eius populum et meum erit, et oppida, quae condet, aliquando a copiis Poenorum vastabuntur. Bellum diuturnum erit, ipsique pugnabunt et posteri cuncti!" --------------------------- Reading vocabulary you needn't learn: vehementer: violently, strongly, exceedingly rogus, -i: funeral pile en: there's that... ! condere: to found posteri, -orum: offspring, following generations Vocabulary
| accusare | to accuse, blame | accuse |
| donare | to donate | donate, L5: donum |
| vexare | to vex, annoy, irritate | vex |
| vindicare | to claim; punish; liberate | vindictive |
| arcêre | to shut up, enclose, keep from, keep away | |
| struere | to devise, fit out, construct |
con-struct, con-strue
|
factum, -i |
action, deed, achievement |
fact, factor
|
| fatum, -i | fate, destiny, doom | fate |
| simulacrum, -i | icon, image of God | |
| diuturnus, -a, -um | lasting a long time, long duration | L5: diu |
| mortuus, -a, -um | dead |
mortal |
| pius, -a, -um | pious, dutiful, compassionate | pious |
| impius, -a, -um | ungodly, without respect, irreverent | im-pius |
| qui, quae, quod | who, which | F: qui, I: chi |
| at | but, however | |
| sin | if however | |
| sin autem | if however | |
| mortuus est | he has died |
Practise the vocabulary of this lesson by matching it. Grammar In this lesson, you'll finally learn how to describe things and people more extensively, using a whole subclause. This kind of subclause usually starts with the relative pronouns "who" and "which" in English. The Latin equivalent is qui, quae, quod. Unfortunately, its declension is rather irregular, compared to the A/O-Declensions. Here's the scheme:
| Nominative | qui | quae | quod | he, who is nice |
| Genitive | cuius | cuius | cuius | he, whose father I know |
| Dative | cui | cui | cui | he, to whom I listen |
| Accusative | quem | quam | quod | he, whom I like |
| Ablative | quo(cum) | qua(cum) | quo(cum) | he, with whom I play |
| Nominative | qui | quae | quae | they, who are nice |
| Genitive | quorum | quarum | quorum | they, whose father I know |
| Dative | quibus | quibus | quibus | they, to whom I listen |
| Accusative | quos | quas | quae | they, whom I like |
| Ablative | quibus(cum) | quibus(cum) | quibus(cum) | they, with whom I play |
In the scheme, you'll notice several things you already know: the Genitive and Dative singular is comparable to the Genitive and Dative of is, ea, id and ipse, ipsa, ipsum; and several forms, but not all other, correspond to the A/O Declensions. The most remarkable exceptions are the Dative & Ablative plural and the masculine Dative singular, which are taken from a different Declension (more about that in lesson 33). I wrote down a sample use for qui in each row and marked the word, that corresponds the form of qui in blue. Note that this is just the translation of qui; if you see a form of ea, you have to replace "he" with "she" and if you see a form of quod, you have to say e. g. "it, which" or "the thing, which". (You might even have to use "which" with qui or quae because the Romans adapted their pronouns just like their adjectives: they look at the grammatical gender, not the actual gender). Exercise Fill in the right relative pronoun in these sentences about Dionysius and translate. If you're unsure of the facts behind the sentences, review lessons 17, 18 and 21. Every sentence starts like this: Non ignoramus Dionysium, 1) __ multos annos Syracusanis imperavit. 2) __ Moerus necare studebat. 3) de __ multa facta narrantur. 4) __ divitias Damocles laudaverat. 5) __ multi servi erant.
Information on Dido Information on Aeneas Information on Carthage Exercise answers: We know Dionysius very well, 1) qui : who ruled over the citizens of Syracus for many years. 2) quem : whom Moerus tried to kill. 3) de quo : about whom many things are told. 4) cuius : whose wealth Damocles praised. 5) cui : who had many slaves