Text Marcus autem: "Ego manebo et amicos meos adiuvabo!" Tum Romani: "Si tu Graecos adiuvabis, et tibi et amicis tuis malum dabimus!" "Tum vos non iam iuvabit hic esse! Immo vero timebitis et horrebitis." "Gaudebimus, si maesti vos movebitis!" "Nos cunctos Graecos fugabimus, Romam nostram liberabimus, nobis divitias parabimus. Tum demum laeti et contenti erimus." "Cuncti Romani nobis grati erunt et gaudebunt!" "Neque ego tum maestus et miser sedebo, sed opulentus ero. Nunc Graeci multas villas, multos agros possident: mox erunt Romanorum. Nunc nobis nihil est nisi vita misera, mox autem et tibi et mihi magnae divitiae erunt! Tum nos vino bono et cibis iucundis implebimus!" Subito magnus Molossus in caupona stat, valde latrat, cunctos Romanos fugat. Et Marcus: "Ecce! Nunc unus Graecus - nam Molossus sine dubio Graecus est - multos Romanos terret!" --------------------------- Reading vocabulary you needn't learn: malum: here: beating se movere: to vanish Molossus: bulldog (huge race of dogs from Epirus, North-West Greece) caupona: inn latrare: to bark Vocabulary
| adiuvare | to help, aid, assist | L8: iuvare |
| dare | to give | L5: donum |
| liberare | to liberate | liberate |
| horrere | to shudder at, be horrified at | horror |
| implere | to fill | implement; F: plein |
| terrere | to frighten, terrify, scare away, deter | terror |
cibus, -i |
food |
I: cibo |
| iucundus, -a, -um | agreeable, pleasant | L8: iuvare, F: Joconde |
| opulentus, -a, -um | wealthy, splendid | opulence |
| demum | finally | |
| immo | by all means; to the contrary | |
| mox | soon, then | |
| si | if | F: si |
| vero | in truth, indeed | F: verité |
| immo vero | however, to the contrary | |
| tum demum | then finally, only at that time |
Practise the vocabulary of this lesson by matching it. Grammar This lesson's topic is the future. In Latin, the future tense is formed by inserting -bi- between verb stem (e. g. voca-) and personal ending (e. g. -mus). The result would be "voca-bi-mus" in this case. The other forms are formed accordingly, except that the Romans didn't like "vocabint" (you'll never find a Latin word ending in -int!) so they changed the i into an u. Another exception is the 1st person singular, that should end in -bio but this was reduced to -bo, just like -ao is reduced to -o for the 1st person singular of verbs whose stems end in -a. So the correct forms are: voca-bo, voca-bi-s, voca-bi-t, voca-bi-mus, voca-bi-tis, voca-bu-nt. Unfortunately the verb "esse" (to be) is irregular in this respect, too, and prefers to take a different stem, er- (like in Italian), rather than adding -bi. The forms of "esse" in the future are: ero, eris, erit, erimus, eritis, erunt. Notice that here, too, the normal i became u for the 3rd person plural and adapted to the o for the 1st person singular. There is one more particularity in text 16: the sentence "Nunc nobis nihil est nisi vita misera, mox autem et tibi et mihi magnae divitiae erunt!" can't be translated literally at all. You can probably guess the meaning, but the cases don't appear to be right. That is because Latin has the following special construction: Dative + (a form of) esse . This construction shows possession in the following manner: the possessed things are in the Nominative and the verb is in accordance with them, but the owner is in the Dative. So "Mihi villa est" (literally: (to) me is a villa / a villa is (to) me) has to be translated as "I have a villa" or "I own a villa". Actually, this construction is rather rare because there are other ways to express possession: using the verb "possidere" or the Genitive. Exercise Transform the words according to the following scheme: 1. maneo -> future -> 2nd person -> plural -> present -> imperative -> singular 2. sum -> 2nd person -> future -> plural -> present -> imperative -> singular
Exercise answers: 1: maneo, manebo, manebis, manebitis, manetis, manete, mane 2: sum, es, eris, eritis, estis, este, es