Text Iam Epicharmus Marcum rogat: "Cur isti viri tantopere clamant? Cur nos Graecos contumeliis violant?" Sed Marcus: "Tace, Epicharme! Tace et tu, Demarate! Ecce, isti viri iam quieti sunt. Vitate igitur rixam, amici!" Sed unus e viris Romanis Graecos rogat: "Num patria vestra Graecia est, pueri?" Graeci nihil respondent, sed Marcus: "Graeci sunt, non nego, sed amici mei! Es igitur quietus et abstine contumeliis et iniuriis!" Ceteri autem viri clamant: "Cur vos iuvat in Italia nostra esse? Cur non in parvis oppidis vestris manetis? Cur Romam nostram intrare audetis? Properate abire, nisi..." "Este quieti" Marcus clamat, "este humani!" Viri autem "Move te cum amicis tuis! Nos neque Graecos neque amicos Graecorum amamus!" --------------------------- Reading vocabulary you needn't learn: isti: those there rixa: quarrel abire: go away se movere: here: vanish Vocabulary
| negare | to deny, refuse | negative |
| violare | to injur, violate | violate |
| vitare | to avoid, shun | F: éviter |
| abstinere | to hold off, abstain | abstinence |
| audere | to dare | audacious, audacity |
| manere | to remain, stay, endure, abide by | per-manent |
contumelia, -ae |
insult, blow |
|
| iniuria, -ae | injustice | |
| Italia | Italy | I: Italia |
| parvus, -a, -um | small, little | |
| quietus, -a, -um | quiet, calm | quiet; F: inquiet |
| meus, -a, -um | my | |
| tuus, -a, -um | your (singular) | |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our | F: notre; I: nostro |
| vester, -tra, -trum | your (plural) | F: votre; I: vostro |
| tantopere | so much, to such degree | |
| non negare | to admit openly, claim (double negative -> positive) |
Practise the vocabulary of this lesson by matching it. Grammar This lesson contains two new aspects of grammar, both of which aren't difficult. First, there are the possessive pronouns meus (my), tuus (your, singular), noster (our) and vester (your, plural). There's a small change in the word stem of noster and vester for all forms except the masculine Nominative singular, just like the change of the word integer that you learned in lesson 13. So the feminine Nominative singular is nostra and vestra. Apart from this change, the possessive pronouns behave just like every other adjective you know, so you needn't learn anything new about them. The other new aspect of grammar is the imperative. In the singular, it is formed by the verb stem (without -re or any ending). In the plural, -te is added. Examples: "Mane ibi, Marce!" -> "Stay there, Marcus!" "Manete ibi, amici!" -> "Stay there, friends!" "Es quieta, Tullia!" -> "Be quiet, Tullia!" "Este quietae, amicae!" -> "Be quiet, (female) friends!" Exercise In each of the following rows, one of the forms doesn't fit. Find it and state your reason for choosing it. 1. lauda - mane - manes 2. doceo - doce - doces - docet 3. aude - manete - docetis - curate - fuga 4. sum - estis - est - sumus - este - sunt 5. audemus - audete - audetis - audent Information: Romans and Greeks III There were some voices who resisted this Greek influence on all parts of life. For example, Cato the Elder prophesied Rome's demise, he considered everything Greek to be suspect, he even mistrusted Greek doctors, claiming that they only wanted to poison Romans. Indeed the Greeks would have had every reason to hate the Romans, who had devastated their homeland, pillaged temples and public buildings, decimated the population and brought many Greeks to Rome as slaves. Aemilius Paullus, the winner of the battle of Pydna in Greece in 168 BC, is said to have sold 150,000(!) Greeks to Rome as slaves all by himself. By the advent of the imperial time, these events were long gone. Romans had caught up with the Greeks in terms of culture because of the Greeks who voluntarily or involuntarily lived in Rome. Greek cities like Ephesos or Athens flourished during the long time of peace (Pax Romana) more than ever. Because of the public wellbeing, there was no revolt against Roman rule, quite to the contrary, it was seen as something positive. As far as Greek slaves are concerned, they had been common amongst Greek cities already. Exercise answers: 1: manes: the only form that's not imperative 2: doce: the only form that is imperative 3: docetis: the only form that's not imperative 4: este: the only form that is imperative 5: audete: the only form that is imperative